Academic Development: University of Notre Dame / by Philip S. Moore, C.S.C.

---

Notes

1 - Annual Catalogue, 1872-73, p.44

2 - Ibid., 1854-55, p.6

3 - Ibid., 1882-83, p.79

4 - Father Sorin established almost from the outset a Manual Labor School, which is last mentioned in the Annual Catalogue for 1868-69. In the 1850's -- first mention appeared in the Annual Catalogue, 1858-59 (pp. 37-38) -- he founded an elementary school, The Minims, which continued until 1929. But these were distinct undertakings and therefore not pertinent to our study of the principal foundation.

5 - Catalogue was the title of the bulletins for the years 1854-57. It was changed to Annual Catalogue in 1858, back to Catalogue in 1897-98, and to Bulletin in 1904-05.

6 - These letters which are short reports on the state of the University are the earliest preserved, but in the opening paragraph of the 1850 letter Father Sorin wrote: "We deem it a gratification to the friends of the Institution and to the public at large, to publish yearly the names of its Professors etc.," which indicates that he had written such annual letter previously, perhaps from the very first year of the University. In 1854, as we have seen, these letters were replaced by the Catalogues.

7 - Commercial subjects of high school quality were taught almost from the beginning. A two year Commercial Course is first announced in the 1863-64 Annual Catalogue but two recipients of the Commercial Diploma appear in the 1860-61 Catalogue. A good percentage of students seem to have been in this Course.

8 - Annual Catalogue, 1859-60, p. 28. In one of the bound volumes of the Catalogues preserved in the University Library is inserted after the annual Catalogue for 1896-97 "A Chronological List of Degrees Awarded for the years 1849-1908." But in the extant printed Catalogues the first Bachelor of Arts degrees were conferred at Commencement June 29, 1859.

9 - Catalogue, 1854-55, p. 6 , and 1856-57, p. 4

10 - First notice of the fact that these subjects were available is found in the Annual Catalogue for 1869-70, p. 70 -- three years after the first Medical Certificate was awarded in 1866.

11 - In this study I use the term development to refer to qualitative growth of the institution in its parts, and the term expansion to refer to quantitative growth or the addition of fields within the general areas.

12 - Annual Catalogue, 1872-73, pp. 12-13

13 - Ibid., 1882-83, p. 18 and insert between pp. 22-23.

14 - In 1883 were conferred 8 Bachelor of Arts, h Bachelor of Science, 2 Bachelor of Laws, 1 Master of Arts, 1 Master of Science degrees and l5 commercial diplomas. In 1890 the numbers were 3 Bachelor of Arts, h Bachelor of Letters, 2 Bachelor of Civil Engineering, 8 Bachelor of Laws, 2 Bachelor of Music, 2 Master of Arts and 15 commercial diplomas.

15 - Father Zahm was appointed Procurator General of the Congregation of Holy Cross by the Very Reverend Gilbert Francais in March 1896 and remained in Rome until early January 1898.

16 - This bitter disillusionment is expressed in a letter to his brother, Dr. Albert Zahm, written on December 12, 1897, cited by Dr. Ralph Weber in his unpublished doctoral dissertation on the life of Father Zahm (p. 253):

It would indeed be a trial for me to return to the dull, humdrum, unintellectual, dwarfing environment where I spent, or rather, wasted, the best years of my life. What a pity it is that our people do not realize the necessity of a higher culture for their members, especially those who are here to devote their lives to the enobling work of education. With possibly one or two exceptions among the younger priests, not one at Notre Dame has the faintest conceptions of the wants of a university, and the demands of the age in which we live. I look forward to the young men now being educated at the Catholic University in the hope that they will effect eventually the much deserved change, but this will require time and patience. The old generation must die out before any real progress can be made. Notre Dame ought to be one of the first educational institutions in the land, whereas it is in reality nothing more than a large boarding house for elementary students.

17 - Arthur J. Hope, Notre Dame: One Hundred Years. Revised edition, University Press, Notre Dame, 1948, 257.

18 - Ibid., 167.

19 - Father Zahm had expressed the grave dangers involved in standing still in a letter written to Father Francais on January 12, 1906 (cited from R. Weber, op. cit., 390:

To keep our place in the forefront of the Catholic institutions of America, we must give continual and striking indication of progress, enery, and initiative. We can not ermit a stand still for even a single year. To do so would mean loss it might be a very great loss. Our friends look for constant growth, never ceasing evidences of vitality and development in a material as well as in an intellectual way. Such growth necessarily means expenditure of money as well as expenditure of energy. It means the erection of new buildings whenever called for; it means the equipment of new and large laboratories; it means a large and a better and more expensive staff of professors.

21 - Arthur J. Hope, Notre Dame: One Hundred Years, 291

22 - Op. cit., 316

23 - Ibid., 347

24 - Father Matthew Schumacher drew up the reorganization plan at Father Burns request. Hope, Op. cit., 346

25 - Bulletin, 1920-21, p. 10.

26 - Ibid., 1921-22, p. 20. "The traditional policy of the institution has been to keep moving forward."

27 - Arthur J. Hope, Op. cit., 181

28 - Ibid., 167.

29 - Annual Catalogue, 1872-73, p. 13.

30 - Annual Catalogue, 1894-95, p. 28.

31 - Catalogue, 1902-03, p. 97.

32 - Annual Catalogue, 1886-87, p. 40.

33 - Ibid., 41.

34 - Students in the English Course could, however, elect eIther Latin or Greek as foreign language. Students in the Classical Course were required to take both Latin and Greek for four years.

35 - Catalogue, 1898-99, p. 98.

36 - Bulletin, 1911-12, p. 46.

37 - The Catalogues for 1899-1905 carried announcement of a post-graduate Course in Journalism, open only to those whohad completed the Course in History and Economics, which we have described earlier. It was a year's Course of "practical experience in newspaper work under the immediate supervision of an experienced journalist," leading to degree of Master of Letters in Journalism.

38 - Ibid., 46.

39 - Bulletin, 1918-19, pp. 202-204.

40 - Bulletin, 1924-25 with Announcements for 1925-26, p. 111.

41 - Bulletin, 1930-31, p. 129.

42 - Ibid., 1918-19, p. 51 and 59.

43 - Ibid. 51. For the Course in History and Economics see above, pp.

44 - Annual Catalogue, 1863-64, p. 15.

45 - Ibid., 1874-75, p. 6.

46 - Bulletin, 1926-27 with announcements for 1927-28, p. 113

47 - Presumably a student could take the four year Lesson Practice on any one or several instruments or in voice, with the supplementary year in other instruments or in voice.

48 - Bulletin, 1919-20, p. 59.

49 - Bulletin, 1924-25 with announcements for 1925-26, p. 88ff.

50 - Bulletins 1926-27 with announcement for 1927-28 p. 113.

51 - Bulletin, 1919-20, p. 62.

52 - Ibid., 62.

53 - Ibid., 73.

54 - Summer Session Bulletin, 1927 p. 53.

55 - Annual Catalogue, 1897-98, p. 85.

56 - Bulletin, 1916-17, p. 53

57 - Ibid., 1918-19, p. 52.

58 - The Department of Physical Education was discontinued in 1959.

59 - Bulletin of the College of Arts and Letters, 1959-60, p. 30.

60 - Annual Catalogue, 1890-91, pp. 46-47.

61 - Annual Catalogue, 1878-79, pp. 25-28.

62 - Arthur J. Hope, Notre Dame: One Hundred Years, p. 207.

63 - Catalogue, 1897-98, p. 17.

64 - Annual Catalogue, 1884-85, pp. 53-57.

65 - Catalogue, 1897-98, pp. 13-17.

66 - Bulletin, 1924-25, p. 115.

67 - Annual Catalogues, 1897-98, pp. 99-101 and 1898-99, pp. 106-108.

68 - Bulletin, 1919-20, p. 242.

69 - Cf. supra, Introduction, 9

70 - Annual Catalogue, 1869-70, p. 70

71 - Bulletin, 1916-17, p. 74.

72 - Ibid., 75.

73 - Bulletin, 1916-17, p. 75.

74 - Annual Catalogue, 1865-66, p. 15.

75 - Cf. Arthur J. Hope, C.S.C., Notre Dame - One Hundred Years. Revised Edition, University of Notre Dame Press, 148, p. 156.

76 - Bulletin 1921-22, pp. 174-76

77 - Ibid., 1924-25 (with Announcements for 1925-26), p. 114.

78 - Annual Catalogue, 14.

79 - Ibid., 1872-73, p. 19.

80 - Ibid., 1866-67, p. 15 and 1876-77, p. 23.

81 - Cf. supra, pp. 47-48.

82 - Bulletin, College of Science, 1959-60, p. 12.

83 - Ibid., 12.

84 - 1873-74, p. 22.

85 - Annual Catalogue, p. 42-46.

86 - Annual Catalogue, 1894-95, p. 43. This predated by two years the re-organization of the University into four divisions, called Schools -- Arts and Letters, Science, Engineering, and Law. Cf. Catalogue, 1897-98, p. 88.

87 - Annual Catalogue 1897-98, p. 106.

88 - In 1905 the four divisions of the University which had been called Schools in 1897 were designated Colleges, with Departments listed under them. But these were names rather than administrative units for before 1920, except for Law, there were no deans nor department heads.

89 - Annual Catalogue, pp. 56-59.

90 - Annual Catalogue, 1895-96, pp. 51-55.

91 - Ibid., 50.

92 - As early as 1889-90 reference was made to electrical engineering students (Annual Catalogue, p. 116) and in 1891-92 a practical and experimental course in Applied Electricity was announced as program under the Institute of Technology. But the length of this program was not indicated and its content was not clearly defined.

93 - Annual Catalogue, 1909-10, p. 84.

94 - Annual Catalogue, 1898-99, pp. 123-124.

95 - Bulletin 1905-06, pp.72-75.

96 - Ibid., 72.

97 - Ibid., 73.

98 - Ibid., 78.

99 - Bulletin, 1908-09, pp. 87-88.

100 - Bulletin, 1908-09, p. 87.

101 - Bulletin, 1918-19, pp. 60 & 108.

102 - Ibid., 60.

103 - Bulletin, 1925-26, p. 163.

104 - Cf. p. 74-75.

105 - Annual Catalogue, 1860-61, p. 19.

106 - Annual Catalogue, 1863-64, p. 15.

107 - Bulletin 1913-14, p. 45.

108 - Ibid., 5o.

109 - Bulletin 1916-17, p. 58.

110 - Bulletin, 1920-21, p. 309ff.

111 - Ibid., 310

112 - Ibid., 327.

113 - This critical reevaluation of business education is set forth in two recent books: Pierson and Others, The Education of American Business Men, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1959; and Gordon and Howell, Higher Education for Business, Columbia University Press, New York, 1959.

114 - The first graduates of this program will receive their degree in June, 1960. The degree is Bachelor of Business Administration for all students, and the old degrees of Bachelor of Philosophy in Commerce and Bachelor of Science in Commerce, with their major sequences, have been dropped.

115 - Catalogue, 1854-55, p. 6.

116 - Annual Catalogue, 1858-59, p. 6.

117 - Ibid., 1868-69, pp. 19-21.

118 - Ibid., 1882-83, p. 37.

119 - Catalogue 1882-83, pp. 37-40.

120 - Ibid., 37.

121 - Ibid., 37.

122 - Ibid., 40

123 - Ibid., 40

124 - Ibid., 38

125 - Annual Catalogue 1889-90, pp. 108-115

126 - Ibid., 108-09.

127 - Ibid., 108-09.

128 - Ibid., 110

129 - Ibid., 110

130 - Ibid., 111

131 - Ibid., 111

132 - Ibid., 112

133 - Bulletin, 1908-09, p. lb.

134 - Bulletin, 1915-16, p. 116.

135 - Bulletin, 1923-24, p. 301.

136 - Bulletin, 1898-99, pp. 127 ff.

137 - Catalogue, 1898-99, pp. 137 & 139.

138 - Ibid., 140-143.

139 - Bulletin, 1905-06, p. 84.

140 - Bulletin, 1815-16, p. 106.

141 - Ibid., 108.

142 - Ibid., 113.

143 - Ibid., 108.

144 - Bulletin, 1920-21, p. 288.

145 - Bulletin, 1924-25, p. 151.

146 - Ibid., 1927-28, with Announcements for 1928-29,p. 188.

147 - Ibid., 1931-32, p. 219.

148 - Ibid., 1945, p. 234.

149 - Bulletin of the Law School, 1959-60, p. 18.

150 - Bulletin, 1919-20, p. 153.

151 - Ibid., 1920-21, pp. 291-308.

152 - Bulletin, 1920-21, p. 286.

153 - Ibid., 1925-26, with Announcements for 1926-27, p. 167 and 1926-27 with Announcements for 1927-28, p. 181.

154 - Cf. supra, p. 1.

155 - Annual Catalogue, 1854-55, p. 6.

156 - Ibid., 1858-59, p. 6.

157 - Ibid., 1873-74, p. 57.

158 - Cf. supra, p. 1.

159 - Annual Catalogue, 1882-83, p. 79

160 - Cf. supra, pp. 118-19.

161 - Cf. supra, p. 25.

162 - Cf. supra, p. 81.

163 - Bulletin, 1905-06, p. 28.

164 - Ibid., pp. 28-29.

165 - Bulletin, 1920-21, p. 10.

166 - Bulletin, 1919-20, pp. 30-31.

167 - Ibid., 31-32.

168 - Graduate Bulletin, 1924-25, p. 15.

169 - Ibid., pp. 17-18.

170 - Bulletin, 1931-32, pp. 6 & 242.

171 - Bulletin of the Graduate School, 1959-60, p. 53.

172 - Ibid., p. 32.

173 - Ibid., pp. 32-33.

174 - Ibid., p. 34

175 - Roman Catholicism and the American Way of Life. Edited by Rev. Thomas T. McAvoy, C.S.C., University of Notre Dame Press, 1960, pp. viii-248

176 - In terms of full-time students or students carrying full schedules this number must be reduced by a hundred or so. But even granting this, the present graduate student body and the prognostication for the future give cause for optimism.

177 - Cf. supra, 141-142.

178 - For the source of these expressions "frontier school" and "well-equipped college", cf. supra, 1-2.

179 - Cf. Arthur J. Hope, Notre Dame: One Hundred Years. 2nd ed., University of Notre Dame Press, 1948, pp. 168-169; 222.

180 - Ibid., 309.

181 - Ibid 224.

182 - Ibid., 169 and 223.

183 - Ibid., 223.

184 - Arthur J. Hope, op. cit., 223.

185 - Annual Catalogue, 1868-69, p. 19.

186 - Cf. Annual Catalogue, 1889-90, p. 108.

187 - For a few years previous to this date Civil Engineering was referred to in the General Catalogue both as School and as Course.

188 - Editorial in America May 7, 1960. 189 - Examples of this growing literature are The Academic Market Place by T. Caplow and R. J. McGee. New York, Basic Books, 1953; and recent article "The Affluent Professors" by Spencer Klaw in The Reporter, June 23, 1960, pp. 16-24.

190 - This observation is purposely limited to present departments to leave open the way to the addition of a strong graduate program in a future Department of Psychology.

191 - Father Zahm to Father Gilbert Francais, January 12, 1906. Cited by Dr. Ralph Weber in his unpublished doctoral dissertation on Father Zahm (pp. 390-391).