1 For information on this movement see Ray Allen Billington's The Protestant Crusade, 1800-1860 (N.Y.: 1938), and the chapters on anti-Catholicism in the mid-nineteenth century in Gustavus Myers' History of Bigotry in the United States (N.Y.: 1943).
2 Frederick Jackson Turner, History of the United States, 1830-1850 (N.Y.: 1935), p. 17.
3 Compendium of the ... Census of 1840, (Washington: 1841), pp. 98-99; Compendium of the Seventh Census ... 1850 (Washington: 1853), pp. 141-143; Statistics ... of the Eighth Census (Washington: 1856), pp. 504-506; and Compendium of the Ninth Census (Washington: 1872), pp. 486-504.
4 Donald G. Tewksbury, The Founding of American Colleges and Universities Before the Civil War (N.Y.: 1932), pp. 27-28.
5 Figures are computed from statistics given in Sebastian A. Ehrbacher, Catholic Higher Education for Men in the United States, 1850-1866 (Washington: 1931) as compared with statistics given in Tewksbury, op. cit., passim.
6 G W. Pierson, "American Universities in the Nineteenth Century: the Formative Years," in The Modern University (Ithaca, N.Y.: 1950), p. 59.